The world relies on a variety of different energy sources. Fossil fuels — including natural gas, oil and coal–accounted to more than 80 percent of the energy consumed in the year 2018. Renewables, such as wind, solar power, biomass and hydroelectricity, account for 14 percent. Nuclear energy accounts for another 5 percent. Different countries employ different energy sources to balance environmental and economic requirements.

Nature’s energy comes in many forms including sun, wind waves, and ocean. When harnessed and converted into more practical forms of energy, like heat or electricity, these are known as primary sources. These energy sources become non-renewable sources of energy when they are exhausted.

Many fossil fuels, as well as some of the other sources of energy that aren’t renewable can be harmful to the environment. For example mining for oil could destroy the forests of the planet. Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) can trigger earthquakes and water pollution. Burning coal releases carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming.

Fortunately, the majority of the most promising sources of energy are renewable and sustainable. Wind, solar and hydropower for instance, are able to produce electricity without having to search for new resources.

Other renewable energy sources are emerging, such as the wave and tidal power. However, to be utilized on a large scale they must have effective distribution networks. This requires the use of non-renewable energies to build these networks. These sources aren’t enough to fulfill the majority of our energy demands. It is important to keep in mind that prices for renewable energy equipment have dropped significantly over the last few years, and the efficiency is growing quickly.

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